"Just like an oven, heat can be measured by factors such as air temperature, humidity, thermal radiation and heat circulation or convection," says Arizona State University professor Konrad Rykaczewski.
"Widely available weather forecasts and real-time reports do not provide information on local microclimates that can change across small distances within a city."
That's why Rykaczewski and his team have developed a state-of-the-art thermal manikin that they say is the "gold standard" for measuring the effects of heat on the human body.
The device, called ANDI, is equipped with temperature, humidity, wind speed, and six-wave and longwave radiation sensors and was deployed for 20 days during an Arizona heat wave in 2023.
"We leveraged a one-of-a-kind thermal manikin alongside high-end wind sensors and the MaRTy cart to verify our measurements," Rykaczewski says in a press release.
And that's not all.
"In particular, turbulent wind flow and solar radiation hitting a sun-exposed person significantly impact heat stress but are not accounted for," says associate professor Ariane Middel.
Middel adds that outdoor heat exposure has never been measured with realistic human body shapes in extremely hot outdoor conditions
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